Wha Milk Drink Rabbit

MASADA, ISRAEL

Masada (1937-1931 BC) is one of the most impressive archaeological sites located in Israel. This fortress, which rises dramatically to the desert and watching the Dead Sea, is a valuable example of integrating architecture to its context, but also a symbol of Jewish resistance against the Romans. The powerful stature with which dominates the landscape, its architectural quality as a villa of the Roman Empire in Judea and their turbulent, tragic and symbolic history have earned him recognition as UNESCO World Heritage .

paranoia

HEROD Herod "the Great" (73 BC - 4 BC) was a cruel king who ruled the Roman provinces of Judea and Galilee and Samaria from 47 to 4 BC To avoid being invaded by the Romans, Herod was provided to be used as a puppet king, always willing and subservient to the interests of the empire. Thus, cities and buildings built in Roman style, named after Caesar as Caesarea Maritima and Sabaste (Greek Sabazios meaning "Augustus").

Hippodrome at Caesarea Maritima, which I hope will be addressed later in this moleskine. Wikipedia photo.

However, when invading empire collaborator, his own people hated him. Knowing that antipathy, the Jews sought to ingratiate himself with rebuilding the great temple of Jerusalem. However, living always think that someday would conspire against him and kill him. This paranoia led him to kill his own wife, three sons, in-law, sons and other family members, and to build impregnable fortresses such as Masada and Herodium, where shelter in case of a rebellion broke out against him. LOCATION



Masada is located south of Jerusalem, in an extraordinarily dry and hot region, especially in the scorching summer, although there is evidence that 2000 years ago the climate was slightly wetter. From there you look superb views towards the Dead Sea, which at the time of the fortress must have been much larger, since irrigation projects in Israel and Jordan they are drying .

View location on Google Maps .

The fortress is located on a plateau atop a hill about 440 m high, flanked by vertical cliffs. Currently, we reach the top by cable car.


the fortress of Masada

The fortress was composed of several buildings is mainly grouped in two zones: the north was the palace complex, restrooms and storage, and west stood a group Guest rooms.

Masada Plan: 1. Puerta del Camino of the Snake, 2. Homes of the killers, 3. Byzantine monks' cells, 4. Tanker 5. Homes of the Assassins, 6. Ritual bath (mikveh), 7. South Gate (gate of the tank), 8. Homes of the Assassins, 9. Underground Cistern, 10. South Fortaleza, 11. Cisterna, 12. Mansion, 13. False Columbarium, 14. Byzantine mosaics workshop, 15 and 16. Palaces; 17. Public bath (pool), 18 to 21. Palace West: 18. Service wing, 19a and 19b. Residential area; 20. Cash, 21. Administrative buildings; 22. Tower of tanning; 24. Byzantine Gate West, 24. Columbaria Torres, 25. Synagogue, 26. Byzantine Chapel, 27. Building fitting, 28 to 38. North Palace: 28. Commander's residence, 29. Quarry, 30. Commander's headquarters, 31. Watchtower; 32. Administrative buildings; 33. Door 34a and 34b. Cash, 35. Bathhouse; 36. Of the den, 37 to 39. Private Herod 37. Upper terrace, 38. Intermediate terrace, 39. Lower terrace. Other points of interest: A. Bunker where they found several scrolls, B. Herod's throne room; C. Mosaic of colors, D. Gap in the wall where it entered the Roman army, E. Treasury shekels of silver, F. Place where they found several scrolls, G. Stay where they found three skeletons. Source Wikipedia

The whole was surrounded by a double wall 6 m high, interspersed with turrets. The wall extended 1400 m 3 was interrupted by fortified gates.

3D reconstruction of the fortress. Image courtesy of History Channel.

Construction

The walls were built of stone and covered with stucco dolomite. The thickness of the walls had for seismic and climate, to counteract the temperature variations between day and night.

The black line marks the original level of strength before the restoration.

Water supply
The fortress of Masada is equipped with large water tanks, fed by canals and dams that captured the low rainfall in the area.

water catchment system on the strength

Channels set in the rock. Somehow I did remind the contemporary and not far away if Petra.

This response site, this guy poured a little water and watch the collection channels and lead to tanks of the fortress.

The water was then transported by donkey and stored in large tanks like this. In this way it could survive for long inside the fort in case of siege.

Pendant Palace

In the far north, separated from the rest of the fortress by a wall, was the residence of Herod, a village that is dramatically bet as in the bow of a boat. The property comprises three terraces linked by a staircase built into the rock.

can still see the remains of the luxurious decor, done in black and white mosaics. Highlights a semicircular room with two rows of columns, which behaves like a large balcony overlooking the landscape.


Bathrooms

"The interior finish-chambers, colonnades, and baths, were of multiple styles and very sumptuous"

Flavius \u200b\u200bJosephus

strength with comfortable palace, and Roman baths. As mentioned in the case of Baths of Caracalla, the baths were a function not only hygienic but also social and cultural, that Herod appreciated. The bathrooms consisted of a Frigidarium (cold baths), a Tepidarium (warm baths) and a caldarium (hot baths).

false floor system used for heating water. The floor was raised allowing the hot air circulation underneath. Later it was piped into the clay walls to radiate heat and bring to temperature in the room.

The bathrooms were surrounded by a patio where bathers exercised, and were decorated with colorful frescoes which, according to Jewish custom, dispensed with human figures.

During the revolt the baths were used for Jewish purification ceremonies, including ritual baths or milkvehs . Synagogue



The Zealots were religious fanatics and needed a place to read the Torah. Conditioned why this building, which originally would have been a barn and turned it into a synagogue. This is because one of the oldest synagogues discovered. The rebels changed the internal structure of the conditioned space and a small room to deposit the sacred scrolls. Remains of these texts were found in excavations in the floor.

reconstruction can be seen in the stands that were made around the central space to accommodate special people to prayer. It can be seen the black line that marks the original wall.

Stores

Here were two rows of department stores be collected non-perishable food: dates, olives, nuts, salt, oil, wine, etc.., as has been found in archaeological excavations.


Columbaria

were three towers- columbaria at Masada, the lower part was used as a loft, while the top was a watchtower used for surveillance. On the walls are hundreds of niches that housed the pigeons. These were used as sources of food and fertilizer for crops.

the Jewish rebellion.

Many years after the death of Herod in 66 AD, a rebellion broke out in Judea, it was crushed in 70 AD by General Vespasian and his son Titus (we saw this moleskine how both father and son Subsequent emperors used the spoils of this war to build the Colosseum in Rome ). However, a fundamentalist rebel group called the Zealots or Sicarii (the Latin word meaning Sicari "dagger men"), took refuge in the fortress of Masada. Joining them are women and children also joined, forming a group of 1000 people.


According to myth, this site impregnable resistance lasted 3 years, until in 72 AD the Romans decided to build a ramp to attack. Knowing lost, the Jews decided to kill their wives and children and then kill themselves, before falling into slavery (actually, since the Jewish religion forbids suicide, would kill one aOther and one man committed suicide at the end) . When entering the fort the Romans were greeted by a stony silence. This is known by the testimony of some women who took refuge in a hideout, and lived to tell what happened.

This is the version of Roman-Jewish historian Josephus , who today is seen by many as a traitor (at least it was for the man who guided us through the set).
However, modern historians have questioned the validity of his account, as Josephus was in Rome when he revolt. Moreover, some argue that it has exaggerated the heroism of the gunmen, who were not part of the great upheaval and that simply were expelled from Jerusalem. On the other hand, argue that it is logical that the mighty Roman army, an expert in war, has been 3 years hanging around the fort, especially in the hot desert climate. Probably Romans were devoted smash other regions where there were also rebellions Judea, Masada leaving for the final.

Around the fortress the Romans under the command of Flavius \u200b\u200bSilvio, 8 camps built a fortified wall surrounding the site entirely. Remains of these camps can still be seen today, and realize the organization of the Romans to carry out large companies such as the construction of the ramp.


According to studies, the ramp was built in a relatively short time (probably less than 2 months), using wood and clay encasetonados that overlapped crosslapped for reaching an inclination relativamente empinada, ahorrando material y acelerando el tiempo de su construcción.


Esto se debió a que, de acuerdo a estudios de resonancia magnética, había ya una protuberancia natural sobre la que los romanos asentaron relativamente poco material (aprox. el 10%), mucho menos del que parece a simple vista.

Sección de la rampa mostrando la roca natural y la pequeña cantidad de relleno usada para crear la rampa. Imagen cortesía de History Channel.

Centro de visitantes

SEE ALSO :

CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

• The Baths of Caracalla

DEFENSE

• The Alhambra, Granada (1238)
• Jaisalmer Fort, India
• Mehrangarh Fort, India.
• Gerona, Spain
• China Great Wall
• Corregidor Island, Philippines
• Berlin Wall, Germany
• Óbidos castle wall. Portugal.
• Pingyao, China

Along with my parents, enduring the scorching heat of Masada.

This species of crow is typical of the area. In the background, the Dead Sea.

Rubbermaid Roughneck 32 Gallon Lids

RENEWAL Leoncio Prado Military Academy


Mario Vargas Llosa and the Colegio Militar Leoncio Prado have formed a symbiosis that went from hatred to love and has finally transcended to become universal. The writer Arequipa, today awarded the Nobel Prize and many others, was forced to enroll in this school in his childhood by a father who had just met, and who wanted to provide your child with a rigorous and disciplined education. The contrast of this new way of life with the pampering of his mother's family which was used, it must have been hard for the young Mario, who took refuge in the literature to escape the harsh, harsh world that was at school . However, later the writer would recognize that it was precisely this iron discipline which has allowed him to organize, work and succeed in the literary world, and that were those experiences of youth which nurtured his first novel, "The City and the Dogs."

Cadet Mario Vargas Llosa.

school experienced a similar situation with Mario, since many of its authorities were not at all happy with how this institution was portrayed in the novel and later film. Today however, a giant of Vargas Llosa gets us to enter college, which is proud of having had the writer among many other notable alumni. After all, not every school is the setting for a work of literature.


As for Vargas Llosa, the Leoncio Prado has been recognized for excellence in many of his former students and input from teachers to education in Peru (in the 70's here are prepared and printed texts that were distributed throughout Peru), but on the other hand, has hardly been mentioned in the media the importance of its architecture, forged an Art Deco style was replicated in other buildings in the country and became synonymous of institutions at the time.


HISTORY
The College began life as a barracks, the guard called Chalaca, built in 1932. The plans for this complex included two areas: the officers, including offices, residence and casinos, and the troop itself. Despite the plans, was initially a modest facility, which was later abandoned.

Guard Barracks Historic photos of Chalaca, courtesy of Dr. Aleksandar Petrovich.

Old school photo.

was in 1943 when it was decided by the presidential order installation of a military college, which subsequently gave the name of Leoncio Prado , after the hero of the War against Spain (1866), the independence of Cuba (1876) and the Pacific War (1879 - 83).

Monument Leoncio Prado college admission

photos of Leoncio Prado as a child, taken from the museum in the school.

LOCATION

The Leoncio Prado is located in the district of La Perla in the Callao, standing on a cliff that enjoys superb ocean views. The rectangular lot on which it sits is located parallel to the coast, although there be enclosed with the same visual integration, with the exception of offices located in the upper levels.

View location on Google Maps

DISTRIBUTION

approach is well known symmetric spatial organization of the whole. At the center lies the direction and administrative offices, and the pavilions that house the classrooms and the stables that house the students. In front, in the far north, common facilities are located, mainly the dining room. To the east lies the field of athletics and sports and casino is located west of officers, known as "Siberia", the Chapel and Auditorium.


noteworthy that, despite the perceived slack space inside, the use of public space is conditioned on the ranges occupied by students by level of education attending. No third-year student would dare to pass through the area traditionally corresponds to the fifth.

Buildings severe, stern symmetrical, neoclassical style contrasted with the previous decades and related to the role that welcomed them.

school auditorium. Orthogonal prism diamond decorated with framing the main entrance.

that austerity However, it is possible to find decorative friezes that evoke certain features of pre-Hispanic art and culture.


also shows a strong rhythm and repetition in the cracks and structural elements that contribute to the predominantly horizontal symmetrical composition of buildings.


The main building management, secretarial, administration offices and a small museum dedicated to the hero. The composition of a five-story central tower, from which the volume is set back from the third and second floors. In this way the building achieves an impressive size even though its built area is so vast.


Inside, long corridors are interspersed with shafts of light and the rooms have decorative elements of the season, especially in lamps, planks and ladders.


treatment of wood in floors and walls gives elegance and warmth to the rooms occupied by the officers.


The school also had classrooms, auditoriums, shops, dining, kitchen and Officers Casino area. There is also the sports center, where they made their first steps major national and South American athletes .

Vista Dining Room, also used for dances and social events.

The once elegant Casino officials, presented a rhythmic façade decorated with columns and in the back had a prominent semicircular volume housing the stairs. However, when found in the southwest corner of the land and receive directly the impact of sea winds devenía a pretty cool building, particularly in severe winters Lima (the temperature never drops below 10 ° C, but humidity and wind do especially cold). For this reason the building was called "Siberia."


addition to its architectural features, the building seized me by the state of deterioration, as if it had been a fire or bombing. Of course, my host tells me that there has been here and even military training film film, which has contributed to its deterioration. Today only placid pigeons live here, which certainly will miss him when the "Siberia" is demolished.




THE NEW SCHOOL

Unfortunately, this emblematic Peruvian school in recent years came in a remarkable process of deterioration to the point that almost 80% of infrastructure is damaged or uninhabitable. This was due to lack of resources, the corrosive action of sea breeze, inadequate maintenance and the pacification of Peru, a country where for Some years compulsory military service is not as old.


For this reason and as part of a statewide program of rehabilitation of flagship Peruvian schools, the Leoncio Prado this January will be demolished to make way for a modern and functional infrastructure.

The new proposal developed by the group and nglish-Peru Peru SanJosé seek to modernize the school equipping of classrooms, infrastructure and services, but also incorporate features of the old character building, present in the collective memory their authorities and students. I hope to review the new school when completed.

LRMC having rendered again.

3D Animation
proposal

Ad BBs replacement, this post is a tribute to a historic and symbolic building, which was an important example of Art Deco architecture and marked Peruvian a time in the lobby of the introduction to the country of the modern movement.

I had the privilege of visiting LRMC within weeks of its demolition, thanks to the generous support and coordination of several people, who I carry out this post.
am particularly grateful to Dr. Aleksandar Petrovich, a friend of my Moleskine Architectural establish contacts at a distance, to Col.. EP Marimón Oscar for his gentle company and address during the visit, and the headmaster, Col.. EP José Manuel Qwistgaard and his secretary Ms. Pilar Gomez, for giving bibliographic and documentary information.

Next to Col.. Oscar EP Marimon, the monument of the hero.

Otarola Along the Mayor, Ms Pilar Gomez and Col.. Oscar EP Marimon